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<H5><font color="green">Саюкова Наталья Александровна<BR>учитель английского языка<BR>НОУ ООЦ "Школа" г. Тольятти</font></H5>

''В последнее время перед учителями российских школ возникла необходимость эффективной подготовки к ЕГЭ. Все языковые экзамены направлены на контроль эффективности коммуникации в устной и письменной речи. Это предполагает наличие в них заданий на контроль навыков аудирования, чтения, говорения, письма и лексико-грамматических заданий. Особую сложность у выпускников наших школ вызывает раздел по словообразованию.В своей педагогической практике при подготовке к ЕГЭ я использовала следующие таблицы с прификсами и суффиксами для определенных частей речи, упражнения и тестовые задания. Я надеюсь, что учителям английского языка, работающим в выпускных классах эти материалы окажутся полезными при подготовке к ЕГЭ и к другим существующим международным и национальным экзаменам по иностранному языку.''

<center><H1>WORD FORMATION<BR>PREFIXES</H1></center>

'''''(1) PREFIXES WITH NEGATIVE MEANING'''''

'''These prefixes change the meaning of the word from positive to negative:'''
{|border="1"  width="60%"
| <center>Un – </center>
| <center> equal<br>  fair<br>  important<br>  official</center>
| <center> unequal<br>  unfair<br>  unimportant<br>  unofficial</center>
|-
| <center>In - </center>
| <center>ability<br>adequate<br>capable<br>comparable</center>
| <center>in ability<br>in adequate<br>in capable<br>in comparable</center>
|-
| <center>Im – <br>(before  -m  and   -p)</center>
| <center>mobile<br>measurable<br>patient<br>possible</center>
| <center> immobile<br>immeasurable<br>impatient<br>impossible</center>
|-
| <center>Dis - </center>
| <center>order<br>advantage<br>honest</center>
| <center>disorder<br>disadvantage<br>dishonest</center>
|-
| <center>il – <br>(before l)</center>
| <center>legal<br>logical<br>BUT! limited<br>likable</center>
| <center>illegal<br>illogical<br>unlimited<br>unlikable</center>
|-
| <center>Ir – <br>(before r)</center>
| <center>regular<br>resolute</center>
| <center>irregular<br>irresolute</center>
|-
| <center>Mis - </center>
| <center>fortune<br>trust</center>
| <center>misfortune<br>mistrust</center>
|-
| <center>Non - </center>
| <center>sense<br>resistance</center>
| <center>nonsense<br>nonresistance</center>
|}

'''''PRACTICE'''''

'''Exercise 1. PREFIXES WITH NEGATIVE MEANING.'''

Complete each word with prefixes in-, un-,ir-,il-,dis.

1. I am afraid that the world is full of  ___ justice.

2. ___ agreements  about causes of this disease seem likely to continue for many years.

3.	Discrimination in hiring is ___  legal.

4.	Thank you for your help. It was ___ valuable.

5.	The ___ armament Conference will be held in Geneva.

6.	The amount of food aid the country received is quite ___ sufficient.

7.	The garden is divided into ___  equal parts.

8.	Your passport is ___ valid. The date expired two month ago.

9.	Why are you so  ___ sensitive to other people’s problems?

10.	One ___ advantage of city living is high cost.

11.	I can’t believe this is happening. This is so ___ fair.

12.	The newspapers depicted her as a greedy,___ responsible betrayer of the truth.

13.	The teacher expressed ___ satisfaction with the work of our committee.

14.	Everything is possible. The ___ possible just takes longer.

15.	Good answers don’t always come quickly. So don’t be too ___  patient.

16.	I was so frustrated because my dad was ___ willing to see my problems through my eyes.


'''''(2) OTHER PREFIXES'''''

{| border="1" width="60%"
| <center>Mis – <br> (со значением неправильно, неверно) </center>
| <center>misinterpretation<br>misunderstanding<br>misusage<br>misuse</center>
| <center>неверное<br>истолкование<br>недоразумение<br>плохое обращение<br>неправильное использование</center>
|-
| <center>Under –<br>(со значением недостаточно) </center>
| <center>undernutrition<br>underproduction<br>undersupply<br>undereducated</center>
| <center>недостаточное питание<br>недопроизводство<br>недостаточное снабжение<br>не имеющий достаточного образования</center>
|-
| <center>Pre –<br>(со значением перед, ранее; соответствует в русском языке приставке пред-)</center>
| <center>precaution<br>predecessor<br>prediction<br>preface<br>prehistoric</center>
| <center>предосторожность<br>предшественник<br>предсказание<br>предисловие
<br>доисторический</center>
|-
| <center>Post – <br> (со значением после; соответствует в русском языке приставке после-, пост-) </center>
| <center>postglacial<br>postwar<br>Post-impressionism</center>
| <center>послеледниковый период<br>послевоенный<br>постимпрессионизм</center>
|-
| <center>Anti – <br>(соответствует в русском языке приставке анти-)</center>
| <center>anticyclone<br>antioxidant<br>antidepressant<br>antipode</center>
| <center>антициклон<br>антиоксидант<br>антидепрессант<br>антипод</center>
|-
| <center>Counter –<br>(соответствует в русском языке приставке проти-, контр-, противо- ) </center>
| <center>counterforce<br>countermeasure<br>counterpropaganda<br>counterclockwise</center>
| <center>сила противодействия<br>контрмера<br>контрпропаганда<br>против часовой стрелки</center>
|-
| <center>Co –<br>(обозначает сотрудничество) </center>
| <center>co-education<br>cooperation<br>coexistence</center>
| <center>совместное обучение<br>сотрудничество<br>сосуществование</center>
|-
| <center>Inter –<br>(со значением между-, взаимо-)</center>
| <center>interaction<br>interdependence/cy<br>international<br>interdisciplinary</center>
| <center>взаимодействие<br>взаимозависимость<br>международный<br>междисциплинарный</center>
|-
| <center>Ex –<br>(соответствует приставке экс -, бывший) </center>
| <center>ex-husband<br>ex-wife<br>ex-champion<br>ex-president</center>
| <center>бывший (экс-) муж<br>бывшая (экс-) жена<br>бывший (экс-) чемпион<br>бывший (экс-) президент</center>
|-
| <center>Ultra –<br>(со значением ультра-, сверх-)</center>
| <center>ultrasound<br>ultramodern<br>ultraviolet<br>ultrasonic</center>
| <center>ультразвук<br>ультрасовременный<br>ультрафиолетовый<br>сверхзвуковой, ультразвуковой</center>
|-
| <center>Sub –<br>(соответствует в русском языке приставке под-, суб-)</center>
| <center>subcommittee<br>subconsciousness<br>subculture<br>submarine</center>
| <center>подкомитет<br>подсознание<br>субкультура<br>подводная лодка</center>
|-
| <center>Over –<br>(со значением сверх-,  чрезмерно-)</center>
| <center>overproduction<br>overestimate<br>overcharge</center>
| <center>перепроизводство<br>слишком высокая оценка<br>слишком высокая цена</center>
|}

'''''SUFFIXES'''''

'''(1) NOUN-building suffixes:'''

{|border="1" width="80%"
| <center>-ty <br>(образует существительные от прилагательных) </center>
| <center>social (общественный) <br>stupid (глупый) <br>certain (определенный) <br>able (способный) <br>equal (равный) </center>
| <center>society (общество) <br>stupidity (глупость) <br>certainty (определенность) <br>ability (способность) <br>equality (равенство) </center>
|-
| <center>-ion (-ation, -tion, -sion, -ssion) <br> (образует существительные от глаголов) </center>
| <center>suggest (предлагать) <br>combine (комбинировать) <br>elect (избирать) <br>include (включать) <br>transmit (передавать) </center>
| <center>suggestion (предложение) <br>combination (комбинация) <br>election (выборы) <br>inclusion (включение) <br>transmission (передача) </center>
|-
| <center>-er,-or <br> (присоединяется к глаголам для обозначения действующего лица) </center>
| <center>produce (производить) <br> lead (вести) <br>build (строить) <br>govern (управлять) <br>direct (направлять) </center>
| <center>producer (производитель) <br>leader (ведущий, лидер) <br>builder (строитель) <br>governor (губернатор) <br>director (директор) </center>
|-
| <center>-ee <br> (служит для обозначения лица, на которое направлено действие) </center>
| <center>train (тренировать(ся), обучать(ся)) <br>address (адресовать) <br>employ (нанимать) </center>
| <center>trainee (практикант, стажер) <br>addressee (адресат) <br>employee (служащий) </center>
|-
| <center>-ness <br> (образует существительное от прилагательных) </center>
| <center>bitter (горький) <br>sick (больной) <br>aware (осведомленный) <br>near (близкий) <br>weak (слабый) </center>
| <center>bitterness (горечь) <br>sickness (болезнь) <br>awareness (осведомленность) <br>nearness (близость) <br>weakness (слабость) </center>
|-
| <center>-ian, -an, -n <br> (для обозначения профессии, национальной принадлежности) </center>
| <center>history (история) <br>library (библиотека) <br>Canada (Канада) </center>
| <center>historian (историк) <br>librarian (библиотекарь) <br>Canadian (канадец) </center>
|-
| <center>-ist <br> (как и в русском языке для обозначения принадлежности к политическому или научному направлению и др.) </center>
| <center>social (социальный) <br>science (наука) <br>method (метод) <br>tour (тур) </center>
| <center>socialist (социалист) <br>scientist (ученый) <br>methodist (методист) <br>tourist (турист) </center>
|-
| <center>-ment <br> (образует существительные от глаголов) </center>
| <center>announce (объявлять) <br>advertise (рекламировать) <br>place (размещать) <br>arrange (организовывать) <br>require (требовать) </center>
| <center>announcement (объявление) <br>advertisement (реклама) <br>placement (размещение) <br>arrangement  (мероприятие) <br>requirement (требование) </center>
|-
| <center>-ance or ence<br> (образует существительные от глаголов) </center>
| <center>occur (случаться) <br>exist (существовать) <br>persist (настаивать) <br>assure (уверять) <br>appear (появляться) </center>
| <center>occurrence (случай) <br>existence (существование) <br>persistence (настойчивость) <br>assurance (заверение) <br>appearance (появление) </center>
|-
| <center>-age <br> (обычно образует существительные от глаголов) </center>
| <center>marry (жениться) <br>pass (проходить) </center>
| <center>marriage (брак) <br>passage (проход) </center>
|-
| <center>-ure <br> (образует существительные от глаголов) </center>
| <center>depart (уезжать) <br>please (доставлять удовольствие) <br>press (давить) </center>
| <center>departure (отъезд) <br>pleasure (удовольствие) <br>pressure (давление) </center>
|-
| <center>-dom <br> (образует существительные от прилагательных и существительных) </center>
| <center>free (свободный) <br>wise (мудрый) <br>king (король) <br>bore (скучный человек) </center>
| <center>freedom (свобода) <br>wisdom (мудрость) <br>kingdom (королевство) <br>boredom (скука) </center>
|-
| <center>-hood м(обычно образует существительные от других существительных) </center>
| <center>brother (брат) <br>man (мужчина) <br>mother (мать) <br>neighbor (сосед) <br>adult (взрослый) </center>
| <center>brotherhood (братство) <br>manhood (мужественность) <br>motherhood (материнство) <br>neighborhood (соседство) <br>adulthood (зрелость) </center>
|-
| <center>-ship <br> (образует существительные от других существительных) </center>
| <center>citizen (гражданин) <br>dictator (диктатор) <br>owner (владелец) </center>
| <center>citizenship (гражданство) <br>dictatorship (диктатура) <br>ownership (собственность, право собственности) </center>
|-
| <center>-ism <br> (образует абстрактные имена существительные, ср. –изм в русском языке) </center>
| <center>profession (профессия) <br>individuality (индивидуальность) <br> journalist (журналист) </center>
| <center>professionalism (профессионализм) <br> individualism (индивидуализм) <br> journalism (журнализм) </center>
|-
| <center>-th <br>образует сущ. от прилагательных) </center>
| <center>warm (теплый) <br>long (длинный) <br>wide (широкий) <br>young (молодой) </center>
| <center>warmth (теплота) <br>length (длина) <br>width (ширина) <br>youth (молодость) </center>
|}

'''PRACTICE'''

'''''Exercise 2. NOUN-building suffixes.'''''
'''Complete each sentence with the words which end in –ance, -ence, -ment, -tion, -ness.'''

1.	Dan continued to write the essay after midnight. This ___   of writing was necessary for him.

2.	Schools usually place new students in different English classes depending on their English abilities. The students’  ___   depends on the scores they get on an English test.

3.	President Abraham Lincoln declared Thanksgiving a national holyday. He made this happy ___   in 1864.

4.	Television stations announce news. They interrupt programs to make important    ___   as soon as they receive the news.

5.	Winnie and Loretta are good friends. They are very close and tell each other everything. Their ___   will continue for many years.

6.	Scientists are working to develop a cure for all kinds of cancer. The    ___   of a cure will be welcome all around the world.

7.	There were several   ___   of Janet’s illness before she began to get well. Then her illness occurred again, and she was very unhappy.

8.	Jason is my best friend. He always encourages me when I have a difficult problem. In fact, his  ___   has helped me to succeed many times.

9.	For centuries no one could prove the   ___   of the ninth planet. Then in 1930 Clyde Tombaugh proved that Plato existed when he located it through a telescope.

10.	Edward assured me enough that the plane travel was safe. In spite of all his    ___  , I was very frightened on my first plane trip.

11.	Alice went to doctor because she had   ___   in her leg. The doctor told her that she felt weak because she didn’t exercise enough.

12.	My dad wanted me to be aware of the heavy traffic on the highway. My    ___   of driving conditions saved me a lot of times.



'''''Exercise 3. NOUN-building suffixes.'''''

'''Complete each word so that it ends in   -hood, -ship, -dom, -ness, -ty.'''

1.	A true friend   ___   lasts throughout life.

2.	After ten years in prison Paul was given his free ___.

3.	Repetition of ads on TV has an incredible effect on the popular  ___   of the product.

4.	I spend most of my child   ___   playing computer games.

5.	It is very unlikely that someone could penetrate the U.S. military secure  ___   system.

'''''(2) ADJECTIVE-building suffixes:'''''

'''Many adjectives do not have particular endings (young, old, pretty, etc.). However, there are some common endings for adjectives formed from nouns and verbs.'''

{|border="1" width="80%"
| <center>-able, -ible</center>
| <center>changeable <br>acceptable <br>horrible <br>responsible</center>
| <center>-ar</center>
| <center>popular <br>regular <br>similar</center>
|-
| <center>-ent, -ant </center>
| <center>consistent <br>confident <br>distant <br>resistant</center>
| <center>-ate</center>
| <center>passionate literate (illiterate) <br>obstinate</center>
|-
| <center>-like</center>
| <center>businesslike <br>ladylike</center>
| <center>-ist</center>
| <center>racist<br> journalist</center>
|-
| <center>-al</center>
| <center>central <br>cultural <br>natural</center>
| <center>-ary</center>
| <center>imaginary <br>legendary <br>revolutionary</center>
|-
| <center>-esque</center>
| <center>picturesque <br>grotesque</center>
| <center>-ive</center>
| <center>attentive <br>sensitive <br>competitive</center>
|-
| <center>-ious, -ous</center>
| <center>victorious <br>dangerous<br>glorious <br>spacious</center>
| <center>-some</center>
| <center>troublesome <br>lonesome <br>tiresome</center>
|-
| <center>-ly</center>
| <center>friendly<br> timely<br> dailyм weakly</center>
| <center>-ic/-ical</center>
| <center>heroic <br>tragic <br>historical <br>economical</center>
|-
| <center>-y</center>
| <center>lucky <br>dirty<br> cloudy <br>healthy</center>
| <center>-ish</center>
| <center>boyish <br>reddish <br>Swedish<br> foolish</center>
|-
| <center>-ful</center>
| <center>successful <br>useful<br> purposeful <br>doubtful</center>
| <center>-ory</center>
| <center>contradictory <br>compulsory <br>introductory</center>
|-
| <center>-less</center>
| <center>jobless<br> hopeless <br>careless<br> useless</center>
| <center>-an, -ian</center>
| <center>Mexican <br>Russian <br>Indian<br> Scandinavian</center>
|}


'''''Exercise 4. ADJACTIVE-building suffixes.'''''
'''Fill in an appropriate adjective derived from the given word.'''

1.	He had a very  ___   career.   success

2.	He is quite   ___   when making up his mind.     decide

3.	The solution was positively     ___  .  ingenuity

4.	The    ___   burden of running a place like this is really great.  finance

5.	Windsor Castle is a     ___   residence, situated not far from London.     luxury

6.	The Castle is located in a very     ___   place.    picture

7.	___   chatting with a friend is not the best way to prepare for the examination.  Mind

8.	It is     ___   inviting Barry to the party as he is so busy.   worth

9.	Can’t you see she is    ___   after being up all night.     edge

10.	His words were   ___   but his look became grave.  play

11.	Ghana is a     ___   country of thick    ___   forests and great beaches.     color, tropics

12.	The person I’m thinking of is    ___  , ___   and accurate.   observe, inquire


'''''PROGRESS TEST (Word Formation)'''''

'''Choose the correct item.'''

1.	The Roosevelts spent a year in Europe traveling about, seeing  ___   sights, visiting museums. (history)

2.	If Teddy wanted a   ___   career, he would have to go abroad for three years of study. (science)

3.	He learned that   ___  is a matter of give and take. (policy)

4.	The Labor Party had nominated a popular and  ___   leader. (power)

5.	While running for presidency he made three to five   ___   every day. (speak)

6.	People loved their new president for his   ___  . (young)

7.	He started on his biggest and most  ___   project. (success)

8.	He described ___   deeds of American people. (hero)

9.	They were ideal parents because they had  ___   patience, love for children and the home life. (end)

10.	In the 19th century there was ___   in London, homelessness and all attendant problems associated with big cities. (poor)

11.	He had come to England shortly after the ___   of his mother. (dead)

12.	This new CD tower system is attractive and    ___  . (style)

13.	Each evening Julia would surf through the World Wide Web in     at all the information available. (amaze)

14.	When a boy found a lizard he measured the total  ___   of its tail with his ruler. (long)

15.	We found the script  ___  , and we enjoyed the dialogue between the main characters very much. (fascinate)

16.	The water in many lakes and rivers is    ___  . As a result, it needs to be cleaned before people can drink it. (pure)

17.	___   in large multinational companies have excellent career opportunities if they are willing to travel. (employ)

18.	From this spot, we travel through  ___  , rolling country to Gettysburg, a town of historic interest. (picture)

19.	His dream was to become the world’s greatest  ___  . (biology)

20.	The lack of knowledge or reliance upon  ___   is harmful. (information)

21.	The population  ___  in this area is very low. (dense)

22.	Such kind of behavior only seems ___  . (logical)

23.	The theme of his report was  ___  for war. (ready)

24.	On the yacht we’ve often seen passengers talking in whispers and exchanging                 packages. (mystery)

[[Категория:Начальная школа]]
[[Категория:Иностранные языки]]
[[Категория:Методическая копилка]]